Evaluation of Point and Diffuse Sources of Nutrients in a River Basin on Base of Monitoring Data

The methodology of materials accounting is presented and applied to developing nutrient balance (nitrogen and phosphorus) in a river basin. The method is based on the balance principle: inputs and outputs of each nitrogen and phosphorus related sub-systems were balanced. The application of the methodology strategies was illustrated by means of a case study of the Krka river, Slovenia. Different pathways of emission to surface waters were taken into account: WWTP discharges, direct discharges, erosion/runoff and baseflow. Total annual emission into the river Krka was estimated to be 362 tonnes N/year and 73.3 tonnes P/year. The main sources of nitrogen are diffuse sources, emitted via baseflow (52%). Other important sources are effluents from WWTP, which account for 36% of total emissions. Other sources like erosion and direct discharges to surface water (animal manure, industry, households) are of lower magnitude. Erosion is main source of phosphorus emission (55% of total emission), WWTP effluents account for 37% of total emission, while other sources are less important. Besides reduction of point sources by means of wastewater collection and implementation of nutrient removal technology, managing agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus to protect water quality should become a major challenge in the Krka river basin.     

Indicators of sustainable production: framework and methodology

This paper presents a new tool for promoting business sustainability — indicators of sustainable production. It first introduces the concept of sustainable production as defined by the Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts Lowell. Indicators of sustainable production are discussed next, including their dimensions and desirable qualities. Based on the Lowell Center Indicator Framework, the authors suggest a new methodology of core and supplemental indicators for raising companies' awareness and measuring their progress toward sustainable production systems. Twenty-two core indicators are proposed and a detailed guidance for their application is included. An eight-step model provides a context for indicator implementation. The paper concludes with a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology as well as recommendations for testing the indicators.     

生态系统服务的核算方法

生态系统服务是指对人类生存及生活质量有贡献的生态系统产品和生态系统功能 ,包括由自然生态过程产生并维持的环境和资源条件。目前已有的生态系统服务核算方法可以分为市场价值法、替代市场法和假想市场法。     

Developing Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System to Meet the Reporting Requirements of the Kyoto Protocol

The rate of carbon accumulation in the atmosphere can be reduced by decreasing emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and by increasing the net uptake (or reducing the net loss) of carbon in terrestrial (and aquatic) ecosystems. The Kyoto Protocol addresses both the release and uptake of carbon. Canada is developing a National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System in support of its international obligations to report greenhouse gas sources and sinks. This system employs forest-inventory data, growth and yield information, and statistics on natural disturbances, management actions and land-use change to estimate forest carbon stocks, changes in carbon stocks, and emissions of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases. A key component of the system is the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). The model is undergoing extensive revisions to enable analyses at four spatial scales (national, provincial, forest management unit and stand) and in annual time steps. The model and the supporting databases can be used to assess carbon-stock changes between 1990 and the present, and to predict future carbon-stock changes based on scenarios of future disturbance rates and management actions.     

试论地震台站的组织结构和激励机制建设

本文对地震台站在新时期的台站管理进行了论述。指出在防震减灾基础建设的重要时期,地震台站的管理,首先需要转变管理理念,同时应完善组织结构建设,建立激励机制。这是完成中国地震局确定的《与时俱进、开拓创新,为全面实现地震台站的现代化而奋斗》重要工作之一。     

“互动式”教学方法在中小学环境教育中的应用

介绍了“互动式”教学方法的特点及其实施计划．通过编写中小学“互动式”环境教育系列教材，培养环保部门教育官员、中小学教师、师范院校师生以及建立教师资源库，从而逐渐把“互动式”教学方法推广到全国中小学环境教育教学计划中．     

我校设置税务代理专业的可行性研究

本文针对当前社会对税务代理人员的旺盛需求,结合我校现有的教学资源,对在我校开设税务代理专业的可行性进行了研究与分析。     

会计电算化对内部审计的影响

随着网络环境下会计电算化管理系统的应用,传统的审计模式、工作方法已不能满足新形式下内部审计的需要。本文在论述电算化会计系统的发展历程的基础上,阐述了会计电算化对内部审计所带来的制约和影响,提出了会计电算化环境下,内部审计工作的工作重点。     

会计集中核算的实践与思考

会计集中核算是会计管理体制改革的一项举措,从试点单位初步运行情况看,其作用明显,产生了较好的社会效益和经济效益,为防止各种违纪行为筑起了一道坚固的防线。虽然会计集中核算有一定的局限性,但它作为会计管理体制改革的一项有益尝试,应在有条件的部门积极推行     

关于自然资源的几个问题

本文认为自然资源是有价值的。确立自然资源价值观是解决资源问题、生态环境问题的一项带根本性的对策。自然资源是经济社会发展的物质基础,因此又是一种资产财富,应树立资源资产观念,建立资源资产管理制度,加强产权管理,实行资源所有权和使用权分离,对资源使用部门实行资源有偿使用和转让。自然资源的再生产中应实行产业化,对自然资源应进行核算并纳入国民经济核算体系。这些问题都是在自然资源的保护和开发利用中的一些带根本性的问题,也是在自然资源资产管理制度化和法制化中必须考虑和重视的问题。